Anthropology is a discipline that compares cultures, in particular non-European cultures. Individual cultures, and indeed culture in general, are seen as relating to the ways people live. Anthropological studies and topics are rooted in the creative tension that exists between Self and Other in the form of "our" and "their" culture.

In Göttingen, the geographical key areas of study - in terms of teaching, research and collection - are Oceania, Southeast Asia and Africa. The Institute for Cultural and Social Anthropology engages contemporary international discussion and research as it takes a critical look at major socio-political issues and problem areas relevant to present times.